The Key Role of Bearings in the Humanoid Robot Revolution
In the ever-evolving field of robotics, precise and seamless motion is crucial. While joints enable robot movement, bearings are the backbone, ensuring smooth and accurate motion. Especially in humanoid robots where precision is paramount, the selection of bearings becomes a critical engineering decision. Design engineers must consider the diversity of robot bearings, how clearance impacts accuracy, and when to use seals to protect bearings from harsh environments.
Bearings in Humanoid Robots
Using suitable bearings to power AI will normalize movements and extend the life of bearings and joints. There are several designs of bearings used in robotic applications, each with its own advantages. The choice of bearing depends on the robot's specific requirements for load capacity, speed, accuracy, and stiffness.
Bearings in Rotary Actuators
Cross Roller Ring Bearings
These bearings possess high load capacity, accuracy, and a compact design. They can support axial loads from two directions, radial loads, tilting moment loads, and any load combination. Cross roller ring bearing is used as output bearings in rotary actuators, known for their low friction torque and clearance, high durability, and accuracy, as well as their unique load capabilities.
Flexible Ball Bearings
These bearings can withstand radial loads and limited axial loads. They are used in the wave generators of harmonic drive systems. Their sections are very thin, and they become oval-shaped when assembled by a camshaft to achieve the required functionality.
Four-Point Contact Bearings
Designed to handle combined radial and axial loads from two directions, these are versatile, compact, and cost-effective solutions. Some of these bearings have split inner or outer rings to allow for larger contact angles and handle more axial loads and moment loads. Four-point contact bearings are used as input bearings in rotary actuators.
Angular Contact Ball Bearings
These bearings can withstand unidirectional axial loads and are typically used in pairs to achieve bidirectional axial load capacity. As the contact angle increases, the load capacity also increases.
Cylindrical Roller Bearings
These bearings feature very compact designs and can support heavy loads. They can reduce the vibration of robot actuators and improve control force and rigidity. Besides their high durability and consistent contact stress, cylindrical roller bearings are characterized by low noise and low vibration. These traits make them well-suited for rotary actuators and linkage assemblies.
Bearings in Linear Actuators
Linear actuators have two main types of bearings and deep groove ball bearings. In this application, these bearings are used to support the shaft under load.
Deep Groove Ball Bearings
These are versatile, simple in design, durable, and easy to maintain. They are designed to handle radial loads and limited axial loads. Ball bearings used in linear actuators possess many characteristics, including high precision, low clearance and torque, and high load capacity. If the application requires, they can also be manufactured with seals.
Bearing Repeatability
The accuracy of China rolling bearing is greatly influenced by its repeatability. High-precision bearings can move to specified locations accurately. Moreover, bearings with high precision and excellent repeatability can consistently reach specified locations throughout their lifespan. However, excessive wear can impact the repeatability of bearings. This wear increases the clearance between bearing components, resulting in lower repeatability scores. Therefore, effectively managing the wear and tear of all bearings is crucial.